Martian surface
The study of surface characteristics (or surface properties and processes [1] ) is a broad category of Mars science that examines the nature of the materials making up the Martian surface . The study evolved from telescopic and remote-sensing techniques developed by astronomers to study planetary surfaces. However, it has increasingly become a subdiscipline of geology as automated spacecraft bring ever-improving resolution and instrument capabilities. By using characteristics such as color, albedo , and thermal inertia and analytical tools such as reflectance spectroscopy and radar , scientists are able to study the chemistry and physical makeup (e.g., grain sizes, surface roughness, and rock abundances) of the Martian surface. The resulting data help scientists understand the planet’s mineral composition and the nature of geological processes operating on the surface. Mars’ surface layer represents a tiny fraction of the total volume of the planet, yet plays a significant role in the planet’s geologic history. [2] Understanding physical surface properties is also very important in determining safe landing sites for spacecraft. [3]
Page Revisions
| Year | Metadata | Sections | Top Words | First Paragraph |
| 2018 |
50291 characters 6 sections 12 paragraphs 8 images 177 internal links 4 external links |
thermal 0.316 inertia 0.315 inertias 0.231 areas 0.227 radar 0.179 albedo 0.171 dark 0.168 roughness 0.163 surface 0.149 spectra 0.133 reflects 0.129 reddish 0.109 markings 0.106 conductivity 0.106 bright 0.105 |
The study of surface characteristics (or surface properties and processes [1] ) is a broad category of Mars science that examines the nature of the materials making up the Martian surface . The study evolved from telescopic and remote-sensing techniques developed by astronomers to study planetary surfaces. However, it has increasingly become a subdiscipline of geology as automated spacecraft bring ever-improving resolution and instrument capabilities. By using characteristics such as color, albedo , and thermal inertia and analytical tools such as reflectance spectroscopy and radar , scientists are able to study the chemistry and physical makeup (e.g., grain sizes, surface roughness, and rock abundances) of the Martian surface. The resulting data help scientists understand the planet’s mineral composition and the nature of geological processes operating on the surface. Mars’ surface layer represents a tiny fraction of the total volume of the planet, yet plays a significant role in the planet’s geologic history. [2] Understanding physical surface properties is also very important in determining safe landing sites for spacecraft. [3] |
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| 2017 |
50324 characters 6 sections 12 paragraphs 9 images 177 internal links 4 external links |
thermal 0.315 inertia 0.314 inertias 0.231 areas 0.227 radar 0.179 albedo 0.171 dark 0.167 roughness 0.163 surface 0.149 spectra 0.133 reflects 0.129 reddish 0.109 markings 0.106 conductivity 0.106 bright 0.105 |
The study of surface characteristics (or surface properties and processes [1] ) is a broad category of Mars science that examines the nature of the materials making up the Martian surface . The study evolved from telescopic and remote-sensing techniques developed by astronomers to study planetary surfaces. However, it has increasingly become a subdiscipline of geology as automated spacecraft bring ever-improving resolution and instrument capabilities. By using characteristics such as color, albedo , and thermal inertia and analytical tools such as reflectance spectroscopy and radar , scientists are able to study the chemistry and physical makeup (e.g., grain sizes, surface roughness, and rock abundances) of the Martian surface. The resulting data help scientists understand the planet’s mineral composition and the nature of geological processes operating on the surface. Mars’ surface layer represents a tiny fraction of the total volume of the planet, yet plays a significant role in the planet’s geologic history. [2] Understanding physical surface properties is also very important in determining safe landing sites for spacecraft. [3] |
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| 2016 |
49737 characters 6 sections 12 paragraphs 8 images 177 internal links 4 external links |
thermal 0.315 inertia 0.314 inertias 0.231 areas 0.227 radar 0.179 albedo 0.171 dark 0.167 roughness 0.163 surface 0.149 spectra 0.133 reflects 0.129 reddish 0.109 markings 0.106 conductivity 0.106 bright 0.105 |
The study of surface characteristics (or surface properties and processes [1] ) is a broad category of Mars science that examines the nature of the materials making up the Martian surface . The study evolved from telescopic and remote-sensing techniques developed by astronomers to study planetary surfaces. However, it has increasingly become a subdiscipline of geology as automated spacecraft bring ever-improving resolution and instrument capabilities. By using characteristics such as color, albedo , and thermal inertia and analytical tools such as reflectance spectroscopy and radar , scientists are able to study the chemistry and physical makeup (e.g., grain sizes, surface roughness, and rock abundances) of the Martian surface. The resulting data help scientists understand the planet’s mineral composition and the nature of geological processes operating on the surface. Mars’ surface layer represents a tiny fraction of the total volume of the planet, yet plays a significant role in the planet’s geologic history. [2] Understanding physical surface properties is also very important in determining safe landing sites for spacecraft. [3] |
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| 2015 |
48753 characters 6 sections 12 paragraphs 7 images 176 internal links 4 external links |
thermal 0.315 inertia 0.314 inertias 0.231 areas 0.227 radar 0.179 albedo 0.171 dark 0.167 roughness 0.163 surface 0.149 spectra 0.133 reflects 0.129 reddish 0.109 markings 0.106 conductivity 0.106 bright 0.105 |
The study of surface characteristics (or surface properties and processes [1] ) is a broad category of Mars science that examines the nature of the materials making up the Martian surface . The study evolved from telescopic and remote-sensing techniques developed by astronomers to study planetary surfaces. However, it has increasingly become a subdiscipline of geology as automated spacecraft bring ever-improving resolution and instrument capabilities. By using characteristics such as color, albedo , and thermal inertia and analytical tools such as reflectance spectroscopy and radar , scientists are able to study the chemistry and physical makeup (e.g., grain sizes, surface roughness, and rock abundances) of the Martian surface. The resulting data help scientists understand the planet’s mineral composition and the nature of geological processes operating on the surface. Mars’ surface layer represents a tiny fraction of the total volume of the planet, yet plays a significant role in the planet’s geologic history. [2] Understanding physical surface properties is also very important in determining safe landing sites for spacecraft. [3] |
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| 2014 |
48716 characters 6 sections 12 paragraphs 7 images 176 internal links 4 external links |
thermal 0.315 inertia 0.314 inertias 0.231 areas 0.227 radar 0.179 albedo 0.171 dark 0.167 roughness 0.163 surface 0.149 spectra 0.133 reflects 0.129 reddish 0.109 markings 0.106 conductivity 0.106 bright 0.105 |
The study of surface characteristics (or surface properties and processes [1] ) is a broad category of Mars science that examines the nature of the materials making up the Martian surface . The study evolved from telescopic and remote-sensing techniques developed by astronomers to study planetary surfaces. However, it has increasingly become a subdiscipline of geology as automated spacecraft bring ever-improving resolution and instrument capabilities. By using characteristics such as color, albedo , and thermal inertia and analytical tools such as reflectance spectroscopy and radar , scientists are able to study the chemistry and physical makeup (e.g., grain sizes, surface roughness, and rock abundances) of the Martian surface. The resulting data help scientists understand the planet’s mineral composition and the nature of geological processes operating on the surface. Mars’ surface layer represents a tiny fraction of the total volume of the planet, yet plays a significant role in the planet’s geologic history. [2] Understanding physical surface properties is also very important in determining safe landing sites for spacecraft. [3] |
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| 2013 |
47475 characters 5 sections 12 paragraphs 7 images 173 internal links 1 external links |
thermal 0.315 inertia 0.314 inertias 0.231 areas 0.227 radar 0.179 albedo 0.171 dark 0.167 roughness 0.163 surface 0.149 spectra 0.133 reflects 0.129 reddish 0.109 markings 0.106 conductivity 0.106 bright 0.105 |
The study of surface characteristics (or surface properties and processes [1] ) is a broad category of Mars science that examines the nature of the materials making up the Martian surface . The study evolved from telescopic and remote-sensing techniques developed by astronomers to study planetary surfaces. However, it has increasingly become a subdiscipline of geology as automated spacecraft bring ever-improving resolution and instrument capabilities. By using characteristics such as color, albedo , and thermal inertia and analytical tools such as reflectance spectroscopy and radar , scientists are able to study the chemistry and physical makeup (e.g., grain sizes, surface roughness, and rock abundances) of the Martian surface. The resulting data help scientists understand the planet’s mineral composition and the nature of geological processes operating on the surface. Mars’ surface layer represents a tiny fraction of the total volume of the planet, yet plays a significant role in the planet’s geologic history. [2] Understanding physical surface properties is also very important in determining safe landing sites for spacecraft. [3] |
|
| 2012 |
25750 characters 5 sections 12 paragraphs 3 images 32 internal links 1 external links |
thermal 0.315 inertia 0.314 inertias 0.231 areas 0.227 radar 0.179 albedo 0.171 dark 0.167 roughness 0.163 surface 0.149 spectra 0.133 reflects 0.129 reddish 0.109 markings 0.106 conductivity 0.106 bright 0.105 |
The study of surface characteristics (or surface properties and processes [1] ) is a broad category of Mars science that examines the nature of the materials making up the Martian surface . The study evolved from telescopic and remote-sensing techniques developed by astronomers to study planetary surfaces. However, it has increasingly become a subdiscipline of geology as automated spacecraft bring ever-improving resolution and instrument capabilities. By using characteristics such as color, albedo , and thermal inertia and analytical tools such as reflectance spectroscopy and radar , scientists are able to study the chemistry and physical makeup (e.g., grain sizes, surface roughness, and rock abundances) of the Martian surface. The resulting data help scientists understand the planet’s mineral composition and the nature of geological processes operating on the surface. Mars’ surface layer represents a tiny fraction of the total volume of the planet, yet plays a significant role in the planet’s geologic history. [2] Understanding physical surface properties is also very important in determining safe landing sites for spacecraft. [3] |
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| 2011 |
25751 characters 5 sections 12 paragraphs 3 images 32 internal links 1 external links |
thermal 0.315 inertia 0.314 inertias 0.231 areas 0.227 radar 0.179 albedo 0.171 dark 0.167 roughness 0.163 surface 0.149 spectra 0.133 reflects 0.129 reddish 0.109 markings 0.106 conductivity 0.106 bright 0.105 |
The study of surface characteristics (or surface properties and processes [1] ) is a broad category of Mars science that examines the nature of the materials making up the Martian surface . The study evolved from telescopic and remote-sensing techniques developed by astronomers to study planetary surfaces. However, it has increasingly become a subdiscipline of geology as automated spacecraft bring ever-improving resolution and instrument capabilities. By using characteristics such as color, albedo , and thermal inertia and analytical tools such as reflectance spectroscopy and radar , scientists are able to study the chemistry and physical makeup (e.g., grain sizes, surface roughness, and rock abundances) of the Martian surface. The resulting data help scientists understand the planet’s mineral composition and the nature of geological processes operating on the surface. Mars’ surface layer represents a tiny fraction of the total volume of the planet, yet plays a significant role in the planet’s geologic history. [2] Understanding physical surface properties is also very important in determining safe landing sites for spacecraft. [3] |
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| 2010 |
25060 characters 4 sections 12 paragraphs 3 images 29 internal links 1 external links |
thermal 0.315 inertia 0.314 inertias 0.231 areas 0.227 radar 0.179 albedo 0.171 dark 0.167 roughness 0.163 surface 0.149 spectra 0.133 reflects 0.129 reddish 0.109 markings 0.105 conductivity 0.105 bright 0.105 |
The study of surface characteristics (or surface properties and processes [1] ) is a broad category of Mars science that examines the nature of the materials making up the Martian surface. The study evolved from telescopic and remote-sensing techniques developed by astronomers to study planetary surfaces. However, it has increasingly become a subdiscipline of geology as automated spacecraft bring ever-improving resolution and instrument capabilities. By using characteristics such as color, albedo , and thermal inertia and analytical tools such as reflectance spectroscopy and radar , scientists are able to study the chemistry and physical makeup (e.g., grain sizes, surface roughness, and rock abundances) of the Martian surface. The resulting data help scientists understand the planet’s mineral composition and the nature of geological processes operating on the surface. Mars’ surface layer represents a tiny fraction of the total volume of the planet, yet plays a significant role in the planet’s geologic history [2] . Understanding physical surface properties is also very important in determining safe landing sites for spacecraft [3] . |